Is Binge Drinking Associated With Specific Types of Exercise and Free Time Sports? A Pooled Analysis With 718,147 Adults.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association between exercise and free time sport types and binge drinking in a large sample of adults. METHODS: Data of 718,147 adults from the "Surveillance of Risk and Protection Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey" were used. We described the demographic and behavioral variables, and negative binomial regression analyzed the association between exercise and free time sport types and binge drinking adjusted by demographics variables, body mass index status, and television time. RESULTS: Outdoor walking/running was the most common exercise reported (20.0%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 19.8%-20.2%), followed by team sports (8.1%; 95% CI, 8.0%-8.2%) and strengthening (8.0%; 95% CI, 7.9%-8.1%). The prevalence of binge drinking for each exercise and free time sport type ranged from 6.9% (water aerobics) to 31.9% (team sports). Participants engaging in strengthening (prevalence ratio = 1.12; 95% CI, 1.04-1.21, P = .002) and team sports (prevalence ratio = 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.17, P < .001) were more likely to binge drink more frequently in the past 30 days than inactive participants. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that the participants' profile plays an important role in the underlying social context of this association. Participants with more frequent strengthening and less frequent team sports practice, who were primarily younger and single, were more likely to binge drink frequently.

O tempo sentado está associado aos fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em adolescentes? / Is sitting time associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents?

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre o tempo sentado e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em adolescentes. A amostra foi composta por 454 adolescentes (50,6% masculino) com idades entre 12 a 18 anos. O tempo diário despendido sentado e a prática de atividade física moderada-vigorosa foram avaliados por meio do recordatório de três dias de Bouchard. Os fatores de risco cardiometabólicos analisados foram: circunferência de cintura; glicose; HDL-C; triglicerídeos; e pressão arterial. Foi utilizada a análise de variância com dois fatores (sexo e quartis) para comparar os fatores de risco cardiometabólicos entre os quartis de tempo sentado. Para verificar a associação entre o tempo sentado e os fatores de risco cardiometabólicos foi empregado a regressão linear múltipla. Foi observado que os meninos pertencentes ao 4º quartil (maior tempo sentado) apresentaram valores mais elevados de glicose e triglicerídeos em comparação com seus pares com menos tempo. No sexo feminino, verificou-se que as pertencentes ao 3º e 4º quartil apresentaram maiores valores de triglicerídeos e glicose em comparação ao 1º quartil. Associações positivas e significativas foram observadas entre o tempo sentado e os valores de circunferência da cintura (ß = 0,093; p < 0,05), glicose (ß = 0,111; p < 0,05) e pressão arterial diastólica (ß = -0,115; p < 0,05) mesmo após o ajuste para a prática de atividade física moderada-vigorosa. De acordo com os achados do presente estudo, conclui-se que os adolescentes que permaneceram maior tempo sentado apresentaram maiores valores de glicose, triglicerídeos e escore de risco cardiometabólico em comparação aos que despenderam menos tempo

This study aimed to verify if there is an association between sitting time and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. The sample was composed of 454 adolescents (50.6% male) aged between 12 and 18 years. The time spent in sitting and physical activity were assessed through a record of three days by Bouchard. The following cardiometabolic risk factors were analyzed: waist circumference, glucose, HDL ­ cholesterol, tri-glycerides, and blood pressure. It was used the Two-way Analysis of Variance (sex and quartiles) to compare the cardiometabolic risk factors between the quartiles of sitting time. To verify the association between sitting time and cardiometabolic risk factors it was used the multivariate linear regression. Boys of the 4th quartile (higher sitting time) presented higher values of glucose and triglycerides compared to their peers with less time. Girls of the 3rd and 4th quartile presented higher triglycerides and glucose values, compared to the 1st quartile. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were observed between sitting time with waist circumference (ß = 0.093; p < 0.05), glucose (ß = 0.111; p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (ß = 0.115; p < 0.05) even after the adjustment for the moderate to vigorous physical activity. According to the findings of this study, we concluded that adolescents who spent more sitting time had higher values of glucose, triglycerides and cardiometabolic risk score compared with who has less sitting time

CORRELATES OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN ADOLESCENTS OF PUBLIC SCHOOLS IN CURITIBA, PARANÁ, BRAZIL.

OBJECTIVE: To verify the association of nutritional status, biological maturation, social support and self-efficacy with the physical activity level of 2,347 students of both sexes, aged between 11 and 15 years old, enrolled in state schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. METHODS: Anthropometric measurements of body mass, height and sitting height were collected. The assessment of biological maturation was based on the analysis of the age at peak height and sexual maturity. The physical activity level, social support from parents and friends and self-efficacy were evaluated by self-reported questionnaires. Sex/age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points identified the nutritional status. Gross and adjusted binary logistic regression were used to obtain odds (OR) ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adopting p≤0.05 as significant. RESULTS: More than half (52.3%; n=1,227) of students were active, with boys in a higher proportion (64.1%; p≤0.01). The correlates of physical activity were: nutritional status (OR 1.25; 95%CI 1.01-1.56), early somatic maturation (OR 0.71; 95%CI 0.54-0.93), moderate (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.50-2.30) and high social support from parents (OR 2.70; 95%CI 2.11-3.42) and high social support from friends (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.42-2.24). CONCLUSIONS: Nutritional status, early somatic maturation, social support of parents and friends were correlates of physical activity. Overweight girls with moderate and high parental support and boys with greater social support from parents and friends were more active. Girls with early somatic maturation were less active.

Correlates of physical activity in adolescents of public schools in curitiba, paraná, brazil / Correlatos da atividade física em adolescentes de escolas públicas de curitiba, paraná

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the association of nutritional status, biological maturation, social support and self-efficacy with the physical activity level of 2,347 students of both sexes, aged between 11 and 15 years old, enrolled in state schools in the city of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of body mass, height and sitting height were collected. The assessment of biological maturation was based on the analysis of the age at peak height and sexual maturity. The physical activity level, social support from parents and friends and self-efficacy were evaluated by self-reported questionnaires. Sex/age-specific body mass index (BMI) cutoff points identified the nutritional status. Gross and adjusted binary logistic regression were used to obtain odds (OR) ratios with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI), adopting p≤0.05 as significant. Results: More than half (52.3%; n=1,227) of students were active, with boys in a higher proportion (64.1%; p≤0.01). The correlates of physical activity were: nutritional status (OR 1.25; 95%CI 1.01-1.56), early somatic maturation (OR 0.71; 95%CI 0.54-0.93), moderate (OR 1.85; 95%CI 1.50-2.30) and high social support from parents (OR 2.70; 95%CI 2.11-3.42) and high social support from friends (OR 1.78; 95%CI 1.42-2.24). Conclusions: Nutritional status, early somatic maturation, social support of parents and friends were correlates of physical activity. Overweight girls with moderate and high parental support and boys with greater social support from parents and friends were more active. Girls with early somatic maturation were less active.

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a associação do estado nutricional, da maturação biológica, do apoio social e da autoeficácia com o nível de atividade física de 2.347 escolares, de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 11 e 15 anos, de escolas estaduais da cidade de Curitiba, Paraná. Métodos: Foram coletadas as medidas antropométricas de massa corporal, estatura e altura sentada. A avaliação da maturação biológica foi realizada pelas análises da idade do pico de velocidade de altura e maturação sexual. O nível de atividade física, o apoio social dos pais e dos amigos e a autoeficácia foram analisados por questionários autorreportados. O estado nutricional foi obtido por meio de pontos de corte de índice de massa corpórea (IMC) específicos para idade e sexo. Razões de chances com intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) foram obtidas por meio da regressão logística binária bruta e ajustada, adotando-se p<0,05. Resultados: Pouco mais da metade (52,3%; n=1.227) dos escolares é ativa, sendo os meninos em maior proporção (64,1%; p≤0,01). Foram associados com atividade física: estado nutricional (Odds Ratio [OR] 1,25; IC95% 1,01-1,56), maturação somática precoce (OR 0,71; IC95% 0,54-0,93), moderado e elevado apoio social dos pais (OR 1,85; IC95% 1,50-2,30 e OR 2,70; IC95% 2,11-3,42, respectivamente) e elevado apoio social dos amigos (OR 1,78; IC95% 1,42-2,24). Conclusões: O estado nutricional, a maturação somática precoce, o apoio social dos pais e dos amigos foram correlatos da atividade física. Meninas com excesso de peso e com moderado e elevado apoio social dos pais, e meninos com maior apoio social dos pais e dos amigos foram mais ativos, enquanto meninas maturadas precocemente, menos ativas.

Comparação da percepção da qualidade de vida em idosas praticantes e não praticantes do Método Pilates / Quality-of-life perception in elderly women who practice and do not practice the Pilates' method

Resumo Introdução O processo de envelhecimento ocasiona redução da função física podendo o indivíduo ter uma diminuição na percepção da qualidade de vida. Sendo assim, realizar atividade física regular pode ser um fator favorável a uma melhor percepção de qualidade de vida. Objetivo comparar a percepção da qualidade de vida em idosas praticantes e não praticantes do método Pilates. Método as idosas foram separadas em grupo Pilates (n = 60), ginástica (n = 63) e não praticantes de atividades físicas regulares (n = 62) e pelas faixas etárias de 60 a 64,9 anos e 70 a 74,9 anos. A percepção da qualidade de vida foi estimada pelo questionário WHOQOL-OLD e WHOQOL-BREF. A distribuição dos dados foi verificada com o teste de Shapiro-Wilk, além disso, foi utilizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis com post hoc de Mann-Whitney e correção de Bonferroni. Resultados para a faixa etária de 60 a 64,9 anos avaliada pelo questionário WHOQOL-OLD, as idosas que não praticavam atividade física regular apresentaram uma melhor percepção no domínio de participação social do que o grupo da ginástica. Para a faixa etária de 70 a 74,9 anos, avaliada pelo mesmo questionário, o grupo de Pilates apresentou melhores percepções na maioria dos domínios de qualidade de vida. Conclusão o grupo das idosas praticantes do Método Pilates apresentou os maiores escores na maioria dos domínios de qualidade de vida para a faixa etária de 70 a 74,9 anos.

Abstract Background The aging process causes a reduction of the physical function, allowing the individual to have a decrease in the perception of the quality of life. Therefore, regular physical activity can be a favorable factor for a better perception of quality of life. Objective The aim of this study was to compare the quality-of-life perception of elderly women practitioners and non-practitioners of the Pilates' method. Method divided into three exercise type groups and two age groups: 60-64.9 and 70-74.9 years. The exercise type groups were as follows: Pilates' method practitioners (n=60), gymnastics practitioners (n=63), and non-practitioners of regular physical activity (n=62). The WHOQOL-OLD and WHOQOL-BREF questionnaires were applied to evaluate the quality-of-life perception. Statistics: The Shapiro-Wilk test verified the data distribution and comparative analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney Post-Hoc and Bonferroni correction. All analyses were processed using the SPSS software at 5% significance level (p<0.05). Results For 60-64.9-year-old group assessed by the WHOQOL-OLD questionnaire, the non-practitioners of regular physical activity showed better perception in the social participation domain than that of the gymnastic practitioners. For 70-74.9-year-old group assessed by the same instrument, the Pilates' method practitioners showed the best perception in most of the quality-of-life domains. Conclusion Elderly women practitioners of the Pilates' method obtained the highest scores in most of the quality-of-life domains for the 70-74.9-year-old group.

Validade de um questionário de comportamento sedentário em escolares de 9 a 15 anos de idade / Validity of a questionnaire to measure sedentary behavior in 9- to 15-year-old students

Introdução: Existem poucos instrumentos validados para avaliar o comportamento sedentário em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros. Objetivo: Avaliar a validade de um questionário de comportamento sedentário em 117 escolares, de ambos os sexos, de 9 a 15 anos de cinco escolas públicas de Curitiba/Brasil. Métodos: O questionário avaliou o tempo gasto em atividades sedentárias durante uma semana e um final de semana típico. O tempo reportado em atividades sedentárias foi validado contra estimativas de tempo sedentário avaliadas através de acelerômetros Actigraph modelo GT3X. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (rho) e o diagrama de dispersão de Bland Altman entre a medida do acelerômetro e a medida do questionário adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: O coeficiente de correlação entre a medida do acelerômetro e a medida do questionário foi de 0,79 (p< 0,00). A validade foi mais elevada nos dias de semana (rho=0,66), em escolares do sexo feminino (rho=0,80) e em escolares mais velhos (rho=0,87). A diferença média entre as duas medidas foi de 148,96 minutos/semana (IC95%: -45,50-343,42) com limites de concordância variando de -1975,02 a 2272,94 minutos/semana. Conclusão: O questionário analisado neste estudo apresentou níveis satisfatórios de validade e concordância podendo ser utilizado para estimar o comportamento sedentário em escolares de 9 a 15 anos. (AU)

Introduction: There are a few tools validated to assess sedentary behavior in Brazilian children and adolescents. Objective: To evaluate the validity of a questionnaire to measure sedentary behavior in 117 students of both sexes, aged 9 to 15 years, attending five public schools in Curitiba/Brazil. Methods: The questionnaire evaluated the time spent in sedentary activities on both weekdays and weekend days of a typical week. The time spent in sedentary activities was validated against the estimates of sedentary time obtained by accelerometers (Actigraph model GT3X). For data analysis, the Spearman correlation coefficient (rho) and the Bland Altman scatter plot wereused between the accelerometer read-out and the questionnaire measurement, with a 5% significance level. Results: The correlation coefficient between the accelerometer read-out and the questionnaire measurement was 0.79 (p <0.00). Validity was higher on weekdays (rho = 0.66), in female schoolchildren (rho = 0.80) and in older schoolchildren (rho = 0.87). The mean difference between the two measurements was 148.96 minutes/week (95% CI: -45.50-343.42) with agreement limits ranging from -1975.02 to 2272.94 minutes/week. Conclusion: The questionnaire analyzed in this study had satisfactory levels of validity and agreement and can therefore be used to estimate the sedentary behavior of students aged 9 to 15 years. (AU)

High Blood Pressure in Adolescents of Curitiba: Prevalence and Associated Factors / Pressão Arterial Alterada em Adolescentes de Curitiba: Prevalência e Fatores Associados

Abstract Background: Arterial hypertension is a major public health problem and has increased considerably in young individuals in past years. Thus, identifying factors associated with this condition is important to guide intervention strategies in this population. Objective: To determine high blood pressure prevalence and its associated factors in adolescents. Methods: A random sample of 1,242 students enrolled in public schools of the city of Curitiba (PR) was selected. Self-administered questionnaires provided family history of hypertension, daily energy expenditure, smoking habit, daily fat intake, and socioeconomic status. Waist circumference was measured following standardized procedures, and blood pressure was measured with appropriate cuffs in 2 consecutive days to confirm high blood pressure. Relative frequency and confidence interval (95%CI) indicated high blood pressure prevalence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed the association of risk factors with high blood pressure. Results: The high blood pressure prevalence was 18.2% (95%CI 15.2-21.6). Individuals whose both parents had hypertension [odds ratio (OR), 2.22; 95%CI 1.28-3.85] and those with high waist circumference (OR, 2.1; 95%CI 1.34-3.28) had higher chances to develop high blood pressure. Conclusion: Positive family history of hypertension and high waist circumference were associated with high blood pressure in adolescents. These factors are important to guide future interventions in this population.

Resumo Fundamento: A hipertensão arterial é um grave problema de saúde pública e, nos últimos anos, tem aumentado consideravelmente em jovens. A identificação de fatores associados com essa condição é importante para guiar estratégias de intervenção nessa população. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência e os fatores associados com a pressão arterial alterada em adolescentes. Métodos: Foi selecionada amostra probabilística de 1.242 adolescentes da rede pública de ensino de Curitiba (PR). Por meio de questionários, foram obtidos o histórico familiar de hipertensão, o gasto energético diário, informações sobre tabagismo, o consumo diário de gorduras e a classificação econômica. A circunferência da cintura foi medida por procedimentos padronizados. A pressão arterial foi aferida com manguitos adequados em 2 dias consecutivos para a confirmação da pressão arterial alterada. Frequências relativas e intervalos de confiança (IC95%) indicaram a prevalência de pressão arterial alterada. Regressões logística bivariadas e multivariadas testaram a associação dos fatores de risco com a pressão arterial alterada. Resultados: A prevalência de pressão arterial alterada foi de 18,2% (IC95% 15,2-21,6). Mais chances de pressão arterial alterada foram encontradas nos indivíduos que possuíam ambos os pais com hipertensão arterial [odds ratio (OR), 2,22; IC95% 1,28-3,85] e naqueles com a circunferência da cintura aumentada (OR, 2,1; IC95% 1,34-3,28). Conclusão: O histórico familiar positivo de hipertensão arterial e a circunferência da cintura aumentada estiveram associados a pressão arterial alterada em adolescentes. Esses fatores são importantes para guiar intervenções futuras nessa população.

High Blood Pressure in Adolescents of Curitiba: Prevalence and Associated Factors.

BACKGROUND: Arterial hypertension is a major public health problem and has increased considerably in young individuals in past years. Thus, identifying factors associated with this condition is important to guide intervention strategies in this population. OBJECTIVE: To determine high blood pressure prevalence and its associated factors in adolescents. METHODS: A random sample of 1,242 students enrolled in public schools of the city of Curitiba (PR) was selected. Self-administered questionnaires provided family history of hypertension, daily energy expenditure, smoking habit, daily fat intake, and socioeconomic status. Waist circumference was measured following standardized procedures, and blood pressure was measured with appropriate cuffs in 2 consecutive days to confirm high blood pressure. Relative frequency and confidence interval (95%CI) indicated high blood pressure prevalence. Bivariate and multivariate analyses assessed the association of risk factors with high blood pressure. RESULTS: The high blood pressure prevalence was 18.2% (95%CI 15.2-21.6). Individuals whose both parents had hypertension [odds ratio (OR), 2.22; 95%CI 1.28-3.85] and those with high waist circumference (OR, 2.1; 95%CI 1.34-3.28) had higher chances to develop high blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Positive family history of hypertension and high waist circumference were associated with high blood pressure in adolescents. These factors are important to guide future interventions in this population.

Correlação do Índice de Massa Corporal com as Demais Variáveis da Aptidão Física Relacionada à Saúde em Escolares do Sexo Masculino de Curitiba-PR, Brasil / Correlation of Body Mass Index and other Health Related Physical Variables in of Male Scholars in Curitiba-PR, Brazil

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relação do índice de massa corporal - IMC com a flexibilidade, resistência abdominal e VO2máx.A amostra foi constituída por 309 estudantes do sexo masculino, entre 10 e 16 anos de idade, pertencentes a duas escolas públicas de Curitiba-PR. Foram medidas a estatura e a massa corporal para o cálculo do IMC. Os testes de flexibilidade e resistência abdominal foram empregadosconforme os protocolos do PROESP. A aptidão cardiorrespiratória foi avaliada através do teste de 12 minutos de Cooper. Foram utilizadasanálises descritivas para a apresentação dos dados e a correlação de Pearson para verificar a relação entre as variáveis analisadas. Utilizouseo programa estatístico SPSS 18.0, versão demonstração, em nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram uma correlaçãosignificativa inversa do IMC com a resistência abdominal (r = -0,242; p= 0,0001) e com o Vo2máx (r = -0,223; p = 0,0001), contudo, não foiencontrada relação significativa entre o IMC e a flexibilidade (r=0,071; p=0,81). Observando tais resultados, nota-se que a obesidade podecontribuir para a diminuição dos níveis de aptidão física dos indivíduos jovens, que, por sua vez, acarreta em uma condição inferior de saúdee qualidade de vida.

This study aimed to examine the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the flexibility, abdominal endurance and VO2máx. The sampleconsisted of 309 male students aged between 10 and 16 years, from state schools in Curitiba-PR. BMI was calculated according to height andbody mass. The flexibility and abdominal tests were performed according to the PROESP protocols. Cardiorespiratory capacity was assessedby 12-minute Cooper testing. Descriptive analysis was used for the presentation of data and Pearson correlation to investigate the relationshipbetween the variables, using SPSS 18.0 program with a significance level at p<0.05. Although a significant inverse correlation was observedbetween BMI and abdominal endurance (r = -0.242, p= 0.0001) and VO2máx (r= -0.223, p= 0.0001), no significant relationship was observedbetween BMI and flexibility (p= 0.81). Thus, it is concluded that obesity may contribute to decreased levels of physical fitness of youngindividuals, leading to a lower health status and quality of life.

[Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with body adiposity in adolescents]. / Fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados à adiposidade corporal em adolescentes.

OBJECTIVE: To identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with abdominal obesity (AO) and high body fat percentage (high BF%) in adolescents from the city of Curitiba-PR. METHODS: The sample consisted of 1,732 adolescents, aged 11 to 19 years, of both genders. The triceps and calf skinfolds were measured for the calculation of BF%, as well as the waist circumference. A questionnaire was completed by adolescents with the following type of residence, socioeconomic status, time spent watching TV on weekdays and weekends, and daily energy expenditure. Logistic regression was used to measure the association of sociodemographic and behavioral variables with abdominal obesity and high BF%. RESULTS: Female were more likely to have high BF% (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 2.32-3.33), but were less likely to have abdominal obesity (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.44-0.78). Older individuals (16-19 have high BF% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02-1.83). The older age groups (13-15 years and 16-19 years) had an inverse association with abdominal obesity. Regarding daily energy expenditure, the less active individuals were more likely to present high BF% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07-1.71) and obesity (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09-1.80). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions to increase physical activity levels in young people should be designed in order to combat excess body fat should designed to combat excess adiposity.

Fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados à adiposidade corporal em adolescentes / Sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with body adiposity in adolescents

Objetivo: Identificar fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais associados à obesidade abdominal (OA) e ao percentual de gordura corporal elevado (%GC elevado) em adolescentes de Curitiba-PR. Métodos: A amostra probabilística foi composta por 1.732 adolescentes, de 11 a 19 anos, de ambos os sexos, da rede pública de ensino. Foram coletadas as medidas de dobras cutâneas tricipital e panturrilha para o cálculo do %GC, além da medida da circunferência da cintura. Um questionário foi preenchido pelos adolescentes para avaliação das seguintes variáveis: sexo, idade, tipo de residência, nível socioeconômico, tempo gasto assistindo à TV durante a semana e o fim de semana, além do gasto energético diário. A regressão logística foi utilizada como medida de associação dos fatores sociodemográficos e comportamentais com a obesidade abdominal e o percentual de gordura corporal elevado. Resultados: As meninas apresentaram maior chance de ter o %GC elevado (OR: 2,73; IC95%: 2,32-3,33). Em contrapartida, têm menor chance de ter obesidade abdominal (OR: 0,58; IC95%: 0,44-0,78). Indivíduos mais velhos (16-19 anos) apresentaram maior chance de ter o %GC elevado (OR: 1,36; IC95%: 1,02-1,83). Em contrapartida, as faixas etárias mais elevadas (13-15 anos e 16-19 anos) tiveram uma associação inversa com a obesidade abdominal. Em relação ao gasto energético diário, os indivíduos menos ativos apresentaram maior chance de ter %GC elevado (OR: 1,36; IC95%: 1,07-1,71) e obesidade abdominal (OR: 1,40; IC95%: 1,09-1,80). Conclusões: Intervenções relacionadas ao aumento nos níveis de atividade física na população jovem devem ser elaboradas para o combate do excesso de adiposidade corporal. .

Objective: To identify sociodemographic and behavioral factors associated with abdominal obesity (AO) and high body fat percentage (high BF%) in adolescents from the city of Curitiba-PR. Methods: The sample consisted of 1,732 adolescents, aged 11 to 19 years, of both genders. The triceps and calf skinfolds were measured for the calculation of BF%, as well as the waist circumference. A questionnaire was completed by adolescents with the following type of residence, socioeconomic status, time spent watching TV on weekdays and weekends, and daily energy expenditure. Logistic regression was used to measure the association of sociodemographic and behavioral variables with abdominal obesity and high BF%. Results: Female were more likely to have high BF% (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 2.32-3.33), but were less likely to have abdominal obesity (OR: 0.58; 95% CI: 0.44-0.78). Older individuals (1619 have high BF% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.02-1.83). The older age groups (13-15 years and 16-19 years) had an inverse association with abdominal obesity. Regarding daily energy expenditure, the less active individuals were more likely to present high BF% (OR: 1.36; 95% CI: 1.07-1.71) and obesity (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09-1.80). Conclusions: Interventions to increase physical activity levels in young people should be designed in order to combat excess body fat should designed to combat excess adiposity. .

Relação entre somatório de dobras cutâneas e pressão arterial sistêmica em adolescentes / Relation between sum of skinfolds and systemic blood pressure in adolescents / Relación del total de pliegues cutáneos y presión arterial sistémica de adolescentes

Relacionar o somatório de dobras cutâneas com a pressão arterial sistêmica em adolescentes da rede pública. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com 543 adolescentes da rede pública de ensino de Curitiba-PR-Brasil, com idade entre 11 e 17 anos e independente do sexo, no período de agosto de 2010 a junho de 2011. Mediu-se peso corporal, estatura e dobras cutâneas (triciptal, subescapular, suprailiaca, abdominal e panturrilha). Mensurou-se a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD) através do método auscultatório, em duplicata. Realizou-se uma nova avaliação no dia posterior à primeira coleta nos adolescentes identificados com pré-hipertensão ou hipertensão. Utilizou-se a correlação parcial como medida de associação entre as variáveis, considerando estatura e idade como variáveis de controle. As análises foram estratificadas por sexo e o nível de significância foi de 5%. Resultados: Entre adolescentes do sexo masculino, o somatório de dobras cutâneas teve uma correlação com a PAS e a PAD de 0,18 (p<0,01) e 0,14 (p<0,05), respectivamente. Entre adolescentes do sexo feminino, a correlação do somatório de dobras cutâneas com a PAS e PAD foi de 0,15 (p<0,01) e 0,19 (p<0,01), respectivamente. Da amostra total, 9,2% (n=50) foram considerados pré-hipertensos e 7,6% (n=41) hipertensos. Conclusão: O somatório de dobras cutâneas apresentou relação direta com pressão arterial sistêmica nos adolescentes investigados...

To relate the sum of skinfolds to systemic blood pressure in adolescents attending public schools. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted with 543 adolescents from public schools of Curitiba-PR-Brazil, aged between 11 and 17 years, regardless of sex, in the period from August 2010 to June 2011. Body weight, height and skinfolds (triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, abdominal and calf) were measured. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were determined by duplicate auscultatory method. A new evaluation was performed the day after the first collection in adolescents identified with pre-hypertension or hypertension. Partial correlation was used as a measure of association between variables, considering height and age as control variables. Analyses were stratified by sex and the level of significance was set at 5%. Results: Among male adolescents, the sum of skinfolds presented a correlation to SBP and DBP of 0.18 (p<0.01) and 0.14 (p<0.05), respectively. Among female adolescents, the correlation of the sum of skinfolds to SBP and DBP was 0.15 (p <0.01) and 0.19 (p <0.01), respectively. Of the total sample, 9.2% (n=50) were prehypertensive and 7.6% (n=41) were hypertensive. Conclusion: the sum of skinfolds were directly related to the systemic blood pressure of the adolescents assessed...

Relacionar el total de pliegues cutáneos y la presión arterial sistémica de adolescentes de la red pública. Métodos: Estudio transversal realizado con 543 adolescentes de la red pública de enseñanza de Curitiba-PR-Brasil, con edad entre los 11 y 17 años y independiente del sexo en el período entre agosto de 2010 y junio de 2011. Se medio el peso corporal, la estatura y los pliegues cutáneos (triciptal, subescapular, suprailíaco, abdominal y pantorrilla). Se mensuro dos veces la presiónarterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD) a través del método auscultatorio. Se realizó una nueva evaluación el día después de la primera en los adolescentes identificados con pre-hipertensión o hipertensión elevada. Se utilizó la correlación parcial como medida de asociación de variables, considerando estatura y edad como variables control. Los análisis fueron estratificados por sexo y el nivel de significación fue del 5%. Resultados: El total de pliegues cutáneos entre los adolescentes del sexo masculino se correlacionó con la PAS y la PAD en 0,18 (p<0,01) y 0,14 (p<0,05), respectivamente. La correlación del total de pliegues cutáneos com la PAS y PAD de los adolescentes del sexo femenino fue de 0,15 (p<0,01) e 0,19 (p<0,01), respectivamente. De toda la muestra, el 9,2% (n=50) fueron considerados pre-hipertensos y el 7,6% (n=41) hipertensos. Conclusión: El total de pliegues cutâneos presentó relación directa con la presión arterial sistémica de los adolescentes investigados...

Correlates of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness among Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze socioeconomic indicators, physical activity (PA) opportunities, and behavioral correlates of cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness among Brazilian boys and girls. METHODS: A sample of 1555 adolescents was randomly selected. Age- and sex-specific standard scores were calculated for each fitness component. RESULTS: Among boys, head of household's schooling, involvement in organized PA, meeting the PA recommendations, and computer/games use were associated with cardiorespiratory fitness. Involvement in organized PA and active time in Physical Education (PE) classes were predictors of muscular fitness. Among girls, active time in PE classes and TV watching were predictors of cardiorespiratory fitness. Meeting the PA recommendations was associated with muscular fitness. CONCLUSION: PA variables and sedentary behaviors should be independently considered for physical fitness promotion in youth.

Hypertension and its association with overweight and obesity among adolescents: a school-based survey / Prevalência de hipertensão arterial e sua associação com sobrepeso e obesidade: estudo de base escolar

This study aimed to investigate the association of overweight and obesity with hypertension in adolescents from public schools in Curitiba, southern Brazil. The sample comprised 1,549 randomly selected adolescents aged 12 to 18 years (744 males). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to Conde and Monteiro (2006). Blood pressure was measured by the auscultation method on two occasions (different days) and was classified according to the fourth report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP). Prevalence ratio was used as a measure of association. Overweight and obesity were observed in 23% and 5.8% of boys, respectively. Among girls, 18.8% were overweight and 5.6% were obese. After two measurements, 7% of boys had prehypertension and 10.5% had hypertension. Prehypertension and hypertension were observed in 5.2% and 9.9% of girls, respectively. Obesity was significantly associated with high blood pressure among boys (PR = 1.19, 95% CI = 1.07-1.32). Overweight (PR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.04-1.17) and obese (PR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.13-1.40) girls were more likely to have high blood pressure levels in comparison to normal weight adolescents. These results showed alarming estimates of hypertension among young people and that the reduction of obesity during adolescence should be focused on public policies for hypertension prevention in the population.

O estudo objetivou investigar a associação do sobrepeso e obesidade com a hipertensão arterial em adolescentes da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Curitiba-PR. A amostra foi constituída por 1.549 adolescentes, de idades de 12 a 18 anos (744 do sexo masculino), selecionados de forma aleatória. O índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi calculado e classificado conforme Conde e Monteiro (2006). A pressão arterial foi aferida pelo método auscultatório em duas ocasiões e classificada conforme o quarto relatório do National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP). A razão de prevalência foi usada como medida de associação. O sobrepeso e a obesidade estiveram presentes em 23% e 5,8% dos meninos, respectivamente. Entre meninas, 18,8% estavam com sobrepeso e 5,6% eram obesas. Após duas avaliações, 7% dos meninos apresentavam pré-hipertensão e 10,5% tinham hipertensão. A pré-hipertensão e hipertensão foram encontradas em 5,2% e 9,9% das meninas, respectivamente. Somente a obesidade esteve significativamente associadaà pressão arterial elevada entre os meninos(RP = 1,19, IC 95% = 1,07-1,32). Meninas com sobrepeso (RP = 1,11, IC 95% = 1,04-1,17) e obesidade (RP = 1,26, IC 95% = 1,13-1,40) tiveram uma maior probabilidade de apresentar elevados níveis pressóricos em comparação às adolescentes eutróficas. Esses resultados evidenciaram estimativas preocupantes da hipertensão arterial entre adolescentes e que a redução da obesidade, ainda na juventude, deve ser focada em políticas públicas de prevenção da hipertensão arterial na população.

[Probability of arterial hypertension from anthropometric measures in adults]. / Probabilidade de hipertensão arterial a partir de indicadores antropométricos em adultos.

OBJECTIVE: To associate anthropometric measures with arterial hypertension and develop a mathematical model to estimate this probability. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 3,445 adults of both sexes, between 18 and 60 years of age. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR), waist circumference (HC), in addition age and sex were assessed. Blood pressure (BP) was measured and classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) and Brazilian Society of Hypertension (SBH) recommendations, using frequency analyses, correlation and logistic regression between variables, with p < 0.05. RESULTS: Males were twice as likely as woman to have hypertension, and for each year of life, the chance of hypertension increased 1.04 times. Odds ratio of hypertension in overweight individual increased two times, and in obese subjects, four times. CONCLUSION: Changes in body composition with advancing age, especially in men, were associated with hypertension, and assessment of these changes was relevant in the identification of this disease.

The prevalence and correlates of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular health among Southern Brazil adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The adoption of health-related behaviors is an important part of adolescence. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of the isolated and simultaneous presence of behavioral risk factors for cardiovascular health (BRFCH) among adolescents in Curitiba, Southern Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 1,628 adolescents (aged 11-17.9 years, 52.5% males) that were randomly selected from 44 public schools. Self-report instruments were used to assess the variables. Six BRFCH were analyzed: insufficiently active, excessive TV watching, current alcohol and tobacco use, daily soft drinks consumption and inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption. Sociodemographic and behavioral variables were studied as possible correlates of the presence of BRFCH. RESULTS: The BRFCH with the highest prevalence were insufficiently active (50.5%, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 48.0-52.9) and daily soft drinks consumption (47.6%, 95% CI: 45.1-50.0). Approximately 30% of the adolescents presented three or more BRFCH simultaneously. Girls, adolescents who did not participate in organized physical activity, and who used computer/video games daily were the main high-risk subgroups for insufficiently active. Boys and those who used computer/video games daily were the high-risk subgroups for daily soft drinks consumption. For excessive TV watching, we identified to be at risk those who were from a high economic class, unemployed, and who used computer/video games daily. For current alcohol use, we identified older adolescents, who were from a high economic class and who worked to be at risk. Older adolescents, who worked and who spent little active time during a physical education class were the high-risk subgroups for current tobacco use. For inadequate fruit and vegetable consumption, we identified those who did not participate in organized physical activity to be at risk. Older adolescents, who were from a high economic class, who did not participate in organized physical activity and who used computer/video games daily were the high-risk subgroups for simultaneous BRFCH. CONCLUSIONS: We found a high prevalence of BRFCH among adolescents, both isolated and simultaneously. The correlates of the presence of BRFCH can contribute to healthy policies among Brazilian adolescents, mainly focusing on high-risk subgroups for a health risk behavior.

Probabilidade de hipertensão arterial a partir de indicadores antropométricos em adultos / Probability of arterial hypertension from anthropometric measures in adults

OBJETIVO: Associar medidas antropométricas com hipertensão arterial e desenvolver modelo matemático para estimar essa probabilidade. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 3.445 adultos de ambos os sexos entre 18 e 60 anos. Avaliaram-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC), razão cintura estatura (RCE), perímetro da cintura (PC), além da idade e sexo. A pressão arterial foi avaliada e classificada segundo recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e da Sociedade Brasileira de Hipertensão (SBH). Utilizaram-se análise de frequência de casos, correlação e regressão logística entre as variáveis, com p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os homens apresentaram duas vezes mais chances de hipertensão que as mulheres, e, para cada ano de vida, essa chance aumenta em 1,04 vez. As chances de hipertensão dos considerados com sobrepeso foram de quase duas vezes e, nos obesos, quadriplicavam. CONCLUSÃO: Alterações da composição corporal com o avanço da idade, principalmente nos homens, associaram-se com hipertensão, sendo sua avaliação relevante na identificação dessa doença.

OBJECTIVE: To associate anthropometric measures with arterial hypertension and develop a mathematical model to estimate this probability. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 3,445 adults of both sexes, between 18 and 60 years of age. Body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHR), waist circumference (HC), in addition age and sex were assessed. Blood pressure (BP) was measured and classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) and Brazilian Society of Hypertension (SBH) recommendations, using frequency analyses, correlation and logistic regression between variables, with p < 0.05. RESULTS: Males were twice as likely as woman to have hypertension, and for each year of life, the chance of hypertension increased 1.04 times. Odds ratio of hypertension in overweight individual increased two times, and in obese subjects, four times. CONCLUSION: Changes in body composition with advancing age, especially in men, were associated with hypertension, and assessment of these changes was relevant in the identification of this disease.

[Metabolic syndrome in adolescents of different nutritional status]. / Síndrome metabólica em adolescentes de diferentes estados nutricionais.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents of different nutritional status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 582 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Body mass index (BMI) classification of nutritional status was performed using the NCHS growth charts. MetS diagnosis was determined by the presence of three or more risk factors. RESULTS: Overall MetS prevalence was 6.7% (CI: 4.9%-9%); in boys, prevalence was 9.4%; and in girls, 4.1%. MetS prevalence was 17.2% (CI: 10%-28.2%) and 37.1% (CI: 23.2%-53.7%) in overweight and obese adolescents, respectively. All obese adolescents had at least one risk factor present, and demonstrated high MetS prevalence ratio compared with adolescents of normal weight (PR: 11.1; CI: 5.75-21.47). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of MetS was observed in obese adolescents. Prevention strategies should focus on body weight control since the beginning of adolescence.

Síndrome metabólica em adolescentes de diferentes estados nutricionais / Metabolic syndrome in adolescents of different nutritional status

OBJETIVO: Verificar a prevalência de síndrome metabólica (SM) em adolescentes de diferentes estados nutricionais. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: A amostra constitui-se de 582 adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos de idade. A classificação do estado nutricional por meio do índice de massa corporal (IMC) foi realizada utilizando as tabelas de referência do NCHS. A SM foi diagnosticada se três ou mais fatores de risco estivessem presentes. RESULTADOS: A prevalência geral de SM foi 6,7% (IC: 4,9%-9%); rapazes 9,4%; moças 4,1%. Prevalência de SM de 17,2% (IC: 10%-28,2%) e 37,1% (IC: 23,2-53,7%) foi observada em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade, respectivamente. Todos os adolescentes obesos tinham pelo menos um fator de risco presente e demonstraram elevada razão de prevalência de SM comparados aos adolescentes com peso normal (RP: 11,1; IC: 5,75-21,47). CONCLUSÃO: Alta prevalência de SM foi observada em adolescentes obesos, neste sentido, estratégias de prevenção devem ser concentradas no controle do peso corporal desde o início da adolescência.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in adolescents of different nutritional status. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The sample consisted of 582 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Body mass index (BMI) classification of nutritional status was performed using the NCHS growth charts. MetS diagnosis was determined by the presence of three or more risk factors. RESULTS: Overall MetS prevalence was 6.7% (CI: 4.9%-9%); in boys, prevalence was 9.4%; and in girls, 4.1%. MetS prevalence was 17.2% (CI: 10%-28.2%) and 37.1% (CI: 23.2%-53.7%) in overweight and obese adolescents, respectively. All obese adolescents had at least one risk factor present, and demonstrated high MetS prevalence ratio compared with adolescents of normal weight (PR: 11.1; CI: 5.75-21.47). CONCLUSION: High prevalence of MetS was observed in obese adolescents. Prevention strategies should focus on body weight control since the beginning of adolescence.

Associação do gasto energético diário com fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica em adolescentes / Association of daily energy expenditure with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk factors in adolescents

O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a associação do gasto energético diário, com fatores de risco para doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica em adolescentes. O estudo transversal foi conduzido em 335 sujeitos, sendo 177 rapazes e 158 moças, com idades entre 12 e 18 anos, matriculados em 2 escolas da rede de ensino pública da cidade de Curitiba-PR. O gasto energético diário foi obtido através do recordatório de 3 dias de atividade desenvolvido por Bouchard e colaboradores. Foram coletados o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o colesterol total (CT), HDL-C, LDL-C, triglicérides (TG) e a pressão arterial (PA) através de métodos padronizados e classificados de acordo com a literatura. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva para caracterização da amostra e identificação das proporções de valores indesejáveis. O gasto energético diário foi obtido através do recordatório de 3 dias de atividade desenvolvido por Bouchard e colaboradores. Foram coletados o índice de massa corporal (IMC), o colesterol total (CT), HDL-C, LDL-C, triglicérides (TG) e a pressão arterial (PA) através de métodos padronizados e classificados de acordo com a literatura. Foi utilizada a estatística descritiva para caracterização da amostra e identificação das proporções de valores indesejáveis. A única associação observada foi do baixo (RP: 3,66; IC95%:1,33-7,94) e do médio (RP:2,96; IC95%: 1,1-10,05) gasto energético diário com o excesso de peso nas moças. O gasto energético diário não foi associado significativamente com a maioria dos fatores de risco para DCA, contudo, sabe-se que a baixa atividade física é um problema preocupante, principalmente se for levado em consideração que indivíduos sedentários apresentam maior probabilidade de se tornarem adultos sedentários. Além disso, a grande proporção de indivíduos que apresentaram fatores de risco para a DCA é um resultado preocupante em relação à saúde dos adolescentes.

The study aimed to investigate the association of daily energy expenditure with risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in adolescents. The survey was conducted on 335 subjects, 177 boys and 158 girls, aged between 12 and 18 years, enrolled in two public schools in Curitiba-PR. Dailyenergy expenditure was measured using 3 days recall physical activity dairy by Bouchard et al. Body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides (TG) and blood pressure (BP) were collected using standardized methods and classified according to the literature. We used descriptive statistics to characterize the sample and identify the proportions of undesirable values. The association of the lowest daily energy expenditure with undesirable values of BMI, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and PA was established through the use of Poisson regression with robust variance, adopting a confidence interval of 95 %. We found disturbing results regarding the proportion of individuals with undesirable levels of risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The only association observed was the low (PR: 3.66, 95% CI :1,33-7,94) and medium (PR: 2.96, 95% CI :1,1-10, 05) daily energy expenditure with excess weight in girls. Daily energy expenditure was not significantly associated with most CVD risk factors, however, it is known that low physical activity is a major problem, especially if one takes into consideration that sedentary individuals are more likely to become sedentary adults. Moreover, the large proportion of individuals who had risk factors for CVD is a worrying result in relation to adolescent health.